Juvenile Justice Subsystems Essay Example for Free

Adolescent Justice Subsystems Essay The job of the police is to uphold the law and keep up request in the network. In 2000, there were roughly 18,000 police organizations utilizing more than one million full-time sworn and non-sworn work force. They are personally associated with adolescent equity issues, they for the most part work locally, and are accordingly in closeness to towns and neighborhoods. For adolescent wrongdoers and casualties, neighborhood police are frequently their first contact with adolescent equity specialists. The explanation behind this is just expressed: Juvenile guilty parties who violate the law are much of the time taken to the police as a first alternative, or the police may capture them while watching them submitting an offense. Young people who have been misled or whose government assistance is in danger are moreover alluded to police custodyâ€for their own insurance. The Judicial Subsystem The legal segment of the adolescent equity framework is made out of huge numbers of a similar work force as found in the grown-up framework. These incorporate appointed authorities, overseers, examiners, and safeguard counsel. It is a common (as opposed to criminal) framework, so there is additionally a lot of cooperation by social laborers, post trial agents, caseworkers, and different experts whose essential obligation is to educate and instruct the court on the status concerning every adolescent. The Corrections Subsystem Adolescent restorative foundations are managed under state law and must consent to state and government commands for the sympathetic treatment of young people who have been relegated to bolted or other private offices. The hidden strategic adolescent revisions is to treat and restore young people. Albeit numerous offices are profoundly prohibitive, and restriction conditions can rough those found in some grown-up offices, it is the obligation of this subsystem to â€Å"correct† the conduct of wrongdoers.

The Competitive Advantage of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Competitive Advantage of China - Essay Example The nation is positioned low on contemplations of bias in government dynamic (Rank 43rd), moral conduct (47th) Intellectual property security (58th) and reviewing and bookkeeping gauges (95th). These are counterfeit imperatives and organizations must be increasingly creative (manipulative) to succeed. The degree of advancement of China's upper hand was very poor, the nation being positioned at 59th on this factor. Its intensity depends more on giving modest work and common assets instead of exceptional and modern items, advances and procedures. The nation's state possessed ventures and the financial part are still in a difficult situation, government intercession to ensure these lead to slanted choices. Levels of budgetary intermediation are low and the state has needed to intercede every once in a while to relieve the antagonistic impacts of a huge, non-performing advance portfolio. Added to this is the misleadingly fixed swapping scale that has stayed unaltered at 8.28 Rmb/US$ in the period under audit. Gliding of the Yuan to see its market driven level will have significant repercussions on the economy as it liable to acknowledge impressively making Chinese items increasingly costly and permit rivalry from different nations. As far as purchaser advancement China positioned 42nd; and just 64th as far as the degree to which its residential customers effectively de

Problem solving questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Critical thinking questions - Essay Example It incorporates likewise a joined restricted organization. When an association is shaped, each accomplice turns into the operator of the firm and different accomplices comparable to the matter of the firm. Consequently, every demonstration of accomplice with the end goal of business aside from on account of fused restricted organization will tie the firm and different accomplices gave the accomplice demonstrations inside his power to represent the firm in explicit cases and the individual whom the accomplice is managing trusts him to be the accomplice having authority. At the end of the day, if the individual managed by the accomplice realizes that the accomplice has no power, his demonstrations can't tie the firm nor different accomplices. Similar holds great in regard of a general accomplice versus the firm and other general accomplices. Segment 13 (1) of the Act sets out that all accomplices with the exception of on account of a consolidated constrained organization are obligated mutually and severally for the liabilities of the firm that have risen while being accomplices. S 13 (2) if the accomplice who is an individual passes on, his/her domain is severally at risk for the liabilities of the firm after fulfillment of his/her different obligations. Same holds great in the event of consolidated constrained organization for a perished general accomplice. The general accomplice of a joined restricted association is at risk just in regard of unsatisfied liabilities of the firm or more according to the organization understanding. ... As the association business is in like manner, the accomplices ought to unveil material realities that influence their organization bombing which it would add up to distortion with respect to the individuals who neglect to do as such. Further, a resigning accomplice can by a state of limitation of exchange be restricted to begin a contending business inside the area for a pre-decided period. Further, an association contract can't be doled out (Gilles, 1988). Application In perspective on the above significant arrangements administering organization business, Jody whose capital will be in question must have the association understanding decreased to composing. Also, Jody must be qualified for a proportionately higher portion of benefit and maintain to herself the authority to take significant choices in everyday administration. This doesn't mean different accomplices are not at risk to misfortune that may happen due to Jody’s dynamic. End Jody can go into association with Mike and Sarah keeping considering the restricted capital or no capital Mike and Sara may acquire and furthermore have an understanding in limitation of exchange on the resigning accomplices including Jody herself. Results The proposition to go into association understanding among Jody, Mike and Sarah will be practical dependent upon the above conditions in that. 2. Tort-careless error Issues: Whether Amy can sue Betty for her off-base exhortation offered to Amy because of careless misquote? Law and cases: In request to demonstrate carelessness with respect to litigant, inquirer ought to fulfill three conditions. That respondent had an obligation of care to the inquirer; this was penetrated by the litigant; that the harm brought about by the break of obligation was

Unit 5 DB - Regression Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 5 DB - Regression Analysis - Essay Example Direct relapse is the sort of relapse which recognizes the relationship of two critical factors (needy and free) (Seber and Lee, 2012). For instance the examiner would attempt to relate the cloudiness of aircraft’s glass (subordinate variable) with ice stores (free factor). Straight relapse connotes the immediate connection between two such factors (Weisberg, 2005). The accompanying condition speaks to the relapse condition, where Y is the needy variable which is subject to X free factors, an is the catch while b means slant of the line X (Hoffmann, 2005). In the segment of criminal equity, the investigators regularly utilize various logical devices to settle on better decisions and choices on the field. Relapse is one instrument which criminologists frequently apply to distinguish connections between two adjoining factors like wrongdoing conviction or criminal’s practices. Experts use relapse coefficients to distinguish which technique is more compelling than the other on wrongdoing control area. As per one report of Federal government, various scientists came out from University of Nebraska in the year 1990, who used relapse examination instrument to survey the impact of speculation on crime percentages. The examination distinguished the connection between two factors by recognizable proof of relationships and straight condition, which are essentially deterministic by direct relapse investigation apparatus. This came out to be an adequate instrument of relationship investigation which later on got applied in the criminal equit y segment. Still today a few criminologists utilize straight relapse model to recognize the relationship of two critical factors (Weisburd and Britt, 2007, p.

big bang theory Essay -- essays research papers

     The Big Bang hypothesis expresses that all the issue that is known to mankind was once in a modest quantity of room with endless temperature, weight, and thickness. This hypothesis is very much upheld and there are many explanation behind it’s support. One fundamental explanation is that nobody truly understands and The Big Bang Theory appears to be fantastical however more sensible than whatever other thoughts that there are out there. A portion of the significant thing to think about the enormous detonation to comprehend are the start and the couple of moments following the quite. Additionally what by and large has occurred since the at that point. It is essential to know speculations of how it will end also, and to hear a balanced point of view, I feel it valuable to have a portion of different prospects laid out. The best spot to begin is the start.      One of the things that cosmologists are not yet sure about is simply the Big Bang. It isn't yet conceivable to offer a conclusive response to the inquiries: what was the Big Bang and for what reason did it occur? Be that as it may, there has been a lot of hypothesis as of late regarding this matter, and it may not be well before a conclusive, or practically complete, answer will be proclaimed. For the second we will essentially accept the Big Bang as it is given, a colossal blast where reality started extending. Realize that space itself began in the Big Bang. IT is enticing to think about the universe before the Big Bang similar to a huge, vast, field of void space, similar to the space between the system bunches today. The Big Bang, at that point, would have flung matter into this nothingness, yet this isn't what occurred. Space itself was made during the Big Bang. Einstein and every single resulting cosmologist have seen space as being as genuine as issue. Truth be told, physicists currently see void space as an ocean of â€Å"virtual particles†. So space is presently extending alongside the universes and stars that exist with it and has been growing since the time the Big Bang.      Actually, cosmologists really have a more clear image of what the universe resembled during the period directly after the Big Bang than they are about the universe today. The explanation behind this is universe was basic, in correlation, at that point. The universe was loaded up with a hot soup of particles like a hot gas caught in a container. The photons in the enormous microwave bac... ...re is just so much vitality accessible known to man for the structure of new stars. Similarly as the law of thermodynamics reveal to us that a shut universe can’t go on always, so they disclose to us that new stars can't continue being made everlastingly in an open universe. In the end the last star will cease to exist and won't be supplant. The proton will in the long run rot. After around a billion years, all molecules will self-destruct, and matter as we probably am aware it will stop to exist. The universe will be a huge ocean of leptons and delegate particles.      One principle, yet unsupported, hypothesis is that the universe was made by God. This hypothesis isn't excepted in established researchers in light of the fact that in has no proof to back it up. That doesn’t mean it isn’t a chance. There are a couple of different hypotheses of the manifestations of the universe, however no different speculations are as excepted as the theory of prehistoric cosmic detonation. A portion of the significant stuff to realize that I have secured is the periods directly after the Big Bang, the Big Bang it self and a couple of the potential endings to the universe. I trust with this data you can have a superior comprehension of the universe, its creation, and it’s endings.

Essay on Why Homeschooling is Better Than Public School

Alternative to Public Schools Switch on the TV and you are sure to find a negative news item about public schools: violence, teenage crime and a low level of knowledge are often mentioned among the problems related to many public schools, especially in depressed areas of big cities. Terrified with the perspective of their child growing up in this kind of surrounding, many people seek for an alternative from of education. Homeschooling seems one of the options, but what are its advantages and disadvantages if compared to public schools? The main positive point of homeschooling is that parents can control the surrounding and eliminate negative influence. Not being bullied, many children find the educational process fascinating. Another positive point is that working with a child individually means the possibility to identify his/her preferences and talents. These areas can be developed with a bigger emphasis and provide a good basis for the future career. Moreover, the studying process is actually not so time-consuming, as it is easy to grasp the attention of a child and it does not involve so much stress, as there are no marks and the only thing that matters is the successful completion of tasks. However, homeschooling has its potential dangers. Limited communication opportunities can influence the ability to adapt to the society, make friends, learn compromising and negotiating. Moreover, parents may find it difficult to invite teachers with experience and a profound knowledge of academic disciplines to ensure high academic results. So, homeschooling is a good alternative for those parents who want to protect their children from the negative experience they may gain in public school, but are they really the ideal solution? Unfortunately, not, and the choice of the form of education must be made by each parent taking into account all pros and cons.

SAT Algebra Combination vs. Substitution

Algebra is by far the most important part of SAT math. Isolating a variable is a step in many SAT math problems, depending on whether or not you use elimination strategies. That’s as it should be; after all, you’ve been doing that in math class for the entirety of your high school career, and it’s the foundational block that most other math is built on. It’d be worrying if SAT math didn’t use a lot of algebra. Of course, that algebra comes in many shapes and forms. Some of it’s relatively basic, while other questions involve so many steps that little slip-ups   become a serious threat. One way to make that algebra longer is to include two variables (or more). If you have as many equations as variables, then it’s only a matter of using substitution or combination to get your answer. You’ve seen at least one of these methods in school, of course, but you may not be equally comfortable with the two. If that’s the case, then take some time getting familiar with the other; you’ll want to have both options to choose from during your SAT. When substitution is better If either x or y (or whatever variable you have) stands alone on one side of the equation or can be isolated really quickly, substitution is the way to go. Take a look at the example below. If , and , then what is the value of ? This is also ideal for substitution because of the other somewhat complicated stuff going on†¦ if you used combination, you might make a mistake when combining the y terms of the two equations. So let’s solve it. First, substitute the x out of the second equation by plugging in the right side of the first equation. And we’re done, right? Nope. Almost done. Remember to check what the question is asking for. In this case it’s the value of x, not y. But that’s not hard. Just plug that value of y back in to the simpler of the two equations we were given. Now it’s done. When combination is better If there’s one variable that has the same coefficient in both equations, then combination is probably a good idea. Or better yet, if the coefficient in one equation is the negative of that in the other equation, then we’re set. What does that mean? Good combination questions look like this: If , and , then what is the value of ? With that 3x in one equation and -3x in the other equation, it’s pretty quick to cancel them out. So let’s line up the two equations over each other, then combine them into one. If you fell for that trap the first time, I hope you’re not going to do it again. Find x. And now we’re done. Use whichever method is easier on the day of your SAT While you’re practicing, it’s a good idea to try to vary which method you use, so you have both tools at your disposal. But on the day of your test, you don’t want to spend any time deliberating. Just pick whichever seems easiest and go for it.

Solutions For The Youth Violence - 1520 Words

Solutions to Our Youth Violence Gang and youth violence has become a seemingly unfixable issue in countries around the globe. Zooming in on America, the U.S government has made efforts to keep gang violence under control through the try and failed method of mass imprisonment and also placing more policemen in affected neighborhoods to patrol the streets. Not only did the government help expand gang networks in prisons by using these tactics, but these â€Å"solutions† also made the youth living in harsh circumstances, such as poverty, feel the need to create a resistance identity to fight back against criminalization. Little did officers and police officials know that they were actually contributing to the institutionalization of gangs and making the violence worse. In essence, through years of attempts of trying to at least keep the situation under control, it has gotten worse. Now that it has become apparent that gang violence is not getting better, three authors have tak en initiative to propose possible solutions. Is there even an effective solution to the youth and gang violence? Dave Grossman, the author of Killing In America, What Are We Doing to Our Children, believes that our youth is being desensitized by the media. In particular, Grossman believes that through exposure to violence through movies and video games, our youth is being classically conditioned to enjoy violence. He states that this behavior starts off â€Å"innocently†(Grossman 312) with cartoon programsShow MoreRelated Possible Solutions to the Youth Violence Problem Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesPossible Solutions to the Youth Violence Problem The birds are chirping, the sun is beaming down through the clouds, and you can hear the shrieks of excitement from the neighborhood park. Walking down the street, you envision raising your family on this picture-perfect street. As the vision becomes more and more detailed, however, the shot of a gun rings out from the distance. You duck behind a parked car, wondering where the bullet came from and why. Looking around, you are shockedRead MoreYouth Violence And Its Effect On Children1637 Words   |  7 PagesSince the year 2000, youth violence has been one of the biggest concerns in almost every community. In my research I decided to evaluate the study of youth violence. Youth violence is said to start since the early days of childhood and lead onto the teenage years of a child. When talking about youth violence, the child may not only be an offender but they can be a victim of violence as well. Bullying, punching, slapping, kicking, teasing, and verbal abuse are all behaviors and forms of mistreatmentRead MoreThe Problem Of Teen Violence995 Words   |  4 PagesTeen violence has become a longstanding agent in the culture of the nation’s youth. Every year, approximately one-million twelve to nineteen year olds are murdered or assaulted, many by their peers, and teenagers are more than twice as likely as adults to become the victims of violence. From schools (grammar and high school) being subdued by a fellow student on an angry rampage to figures of the law flipping and dragging students in class. Something has to be done. Although the issue is far tooRead MoreCauses Of Gang And Gang Violence1446 Words   |  6 PagesGang and gang violence has always been an ongoing problem within the country. Street gangs have evolved into some of the most notorious group associated with murders and killings that law enforcement agencies have encountered. Gang violence has become one of the most serious crime problem happening in the country that involves physical assaults, drive-by shootings, homicides, robberies, prostitutions, and home-invasion along with a long list of criminal activities. It had occurred and multipliedRead MoreGang Violence Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesaround their home. Gang violence in youths is a prominent problem around numerous portions of the world today. Youths are forced to go along with the engagements taken place in the gang which can be cataclysmic to society and themselves. The life of a youth and their family can be altered by just one simple decision to join a gang, put many peo ple in danger of being hurt, however there are still many workable solutions to put these youths back on track. When a youth elects to join a gang itRead MoreSocial And Environmental Issues Of Juvenile Delinquency980 Words   |  4 Pagesbrief explanation of your topic and/or problem in the criminal justice system. There are many problems that contribute to the social and environmental issues of juvenile delinquency. Several factors are youths brought up in poverty stricken and gang infested neighborhoods, exposure to drugs, violence, physical, mental, and emotional abuse, no parental guidance and neglect. A large number of these children commit violent crimes and more than 700,000 are a part of gangs. 40 percent of the juveniles whoRead MoreProblems and Solutions to Violence in Schools Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesViolence is a very important issue that is coming to the front in todays school systems. School violence is a `complex social policy problem and is considered very complicated and hard to define. My paper is on school violence and the methods in which the government and schools can provide support and/or programs to help stem the recent rash of incidents. These steps include: use of `less violent materials, peer mediation interventions, police presence and action, individualizing of the troublemaker(s)Read MoreThe Relationship between Video Games and Youth Violence811 Words   |  3 Pagestheorized that violence in video games have contributed to violent outbreaks of behavior in real life. Violent video games have been a political issue since the early 1980s; however, people forget to look at how people of all ages spend their free time playing these games for entertainment. 97% of 12-17 year olds in the US played video games in 2008, thus fueling an $11.7 billion domestic video game industry. In 2008, 10 of the top 20 best-selling video games in the US contained violence. Video gamesRead MoreYouth Violence: Identify the Cause and Work Towards Prevention1494 Words   |  6 Pagesdictionary, Violence is the exertion of physical force so as to injure or abuse. Violence is often a behavioral response that children are taught to use in order to achieve their goals. On the other hand, violence can become a routine and automatic way of coping with stressful situ ations for some children (Youth Violence and Suicide Prevention Team 1999). You violence is an old problem that is frequently an issue over which there is much debate. Unfortunately, the increasing violence amongst childrenRead More Youth Violence Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pages Youth Violence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Youth violence is an escalating problem in American society today. There are many different factors that can be blamed for this problem. During the last decade of the twentieth century people began searching for answers to this dilemma which is haunting America. Many tragic school shootings have taken place within the last decade that have gained the attention of the public. As of now, no one can give the right answer to the problem or the reason that it happens because there

Breast Feeding Versus Bottle Feeding - 886 Words

Breast Feeding Versus Bottle Feeding There are many different myths and opinions about breast-feeding and how it is beneficial for a child, some women and even men choose to view the breast as a sexual object, although in reality it is meant for the purpose of nourishing an infant. As for the other half of women around the world, many believe breast-feeding is the most natural way to feed a child as they receive the vitamins and minerals a youngster needs to grow up strong. Breast-Feeding and Bottle feeding both have their pros and cons just as in any situation, but which one has the greater advantage? When a child is born, the very first breathe of life can be infectious due to all of the diseases around us. For an infant, the immune system may be functioning, but is not as strong as the father’s or mothers. Human Milk is known as being species-specific, and is uniquely superior for the feeding of an infant. For the child’s health, breast milk does a lot more than just helping with basic nutrition. Breath milk is very high in fat and contains all the vitamins and nutrients a baby will need during the first 6 months of life, is it also packed with disease-fighting antibodies transported from the mother who will protect an infant from diseases and illnesses they are constantly exposed to during daily life. Certain diseases such as stomach versus, lower respiratory illnesses, ear infections and even meningitis occur less often to a breast fed baby then a formula fed baby.Show MoreRelatedBreast Feeding versus Bottle Feeding562 Words   |  2 Pagesrelevant facts. Feeding a baby could be done either as breast feeding or bottle feeding. Breast feeding is the feeding of a baby directly from the breast milk of a female human breast whereas bottle feeding is referred to as feeding a baby with milk from a nursing bottle. Many people argue that breast feeding is the most beneficial way of feeding a baby. In contrast to this view, others argue that there is not any real significant difference between breast feeding and bottle feeding. Therefore, inRead MoreGuidelines Of Guidelines Regarding Milk Banks Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefits of providing a time and place to express milk. There is information available from La Leche League that can be given to the employer. There are supporting programs also, like (WIC) Woman Infant and child program is for both breast feeding moms and bottle feeding moms. According to WIC is a federal program designed to provide food to low-income pregnant, postpartum and breastfeeding women, infants and children until the age of five. The program provides a combination of nutrition educationRead MoreBreast Feeding vs Bottle Feeding2073 Words   |  9 PagesBreastfeeding versus Formula Feeding Your family is expecting a newborn baby within the next couple of months. This event in someone’s life will change their lives forever and can be a very exciting and exhausting change. Although you may be excited and impatient for the baby’s arrival, this event can cause a lot of stress on the family. While your lives are completely changing; there are things you need to do to prepare yourself and there are many important decisions that need to be made. DecisionsRead MoreEarly Childhood Development: Breastfeeding and Child Milestones632 Words   |  3 Pagesone of the many new questions she will have is should I breast feed or bottle-feed my new son or daughter? As a future health care provider it is very important that we can properly educate the mother on the best choice for her health as well as the baby’s. While bottle-feeding may be the easiest and quickest way to feed a newborn, it’s hardly the most nutritional option. The CDC (center for dieses control) released a statement saying, â€Å"Breast milk is widely acknowledged as the most complete formRead MoreBaby Rohan Jameson Ramjit Is Growing Healthy As Ever1399 Words   |  6 PagesDuring these past 7 months, I have gained so much love for someone I have never met before. Being 24 years old and becoming a mother has changed my views on life. Learning so much about caring for a newborn has brought on the thought of bottle feeding or breast feeding and trying to figure out which one is safer for his health. Children enter this world helpless, trying to understand their new environment and learning their new touch. Infants depend on the caring individuals around them, especiallyRead MoreThe Health Organization And The American Academy Of Pediatrics Recommend Exclusive Breastfeeding1531 Words   |  7 Pagesbiologically built to make a unique substance to ensure the survival of its offspring, natural milk. The properties found in this one of a kin d food provide all the infant needs in the required amount. That being said, babies are born to be breastfed. Breast milk is the most natural and necessary food for infants. The World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. When faced with the decision of whether or not to breastfeedRead MoreBreast Feeding And Bottle Feeding2724 Words   |  11 Pages Breast Feeding and Bottle Feeding in Relation to Nursing Practice By Stephen Samson 201201274 Presented to Dr. Judith Cormier Nursing 355:10 Perinatal Nursing Department of Nursing St. Francis Xavier University October 7, 2014 Abstract Research has shown that nursing implications have an impact on breast-feeding and bottle-feeding; the main three aspects that allow nurses to have an impact are teaching, collaboration, and support. Under these three sections there willRead More Benefits of Breastfeeding Essay669 Words   |  3 Pagesbaby. Breast milk works as an all in one nutritional supplement.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Breast milk works as a thirst quencher, medication, food supplement and for the mother it works as a weight loss program with no equal. Although, there are formulas that can be used for replacing breast milk, they do not have the same supplements as the natural milk from the mother. The American Academy of Pediatrics â€Å"†¦recommends that babies be breast-fed for six to 12 months. The only acceptable alternative to breast milk isRead MoreHealth Professionals Attitudes Towards The Promotion Of Breastfeeding1679 Words   |  7 Pageswhether or not the health professional’s opinion on breastfeeding matters to the new mother. Breastfeeding is the feeding of babies or young children with milk from a female breast. The international breastfeeding journal recognizes breastfeeding as a very important public health issue with gigantic social and economic implications. The journal also reports that infants who do not receive breast milk are likely to experience poorer health outcomes than breastfed infants and that mothers who do not breastfeedRead MoreInfant Formul Just As Healthy1873 Words   |  8 Pagesyou should feed your newborn? Breast milk or infant formula? Or have you ever considered why so many mothers prefer to breastfeed versus bottled formula? If so, you may find your answers to your questions here. What is breast milk you say? Breast milk is simply defined as the milk produced from the breast of a female that is intended for newborn babies. You ask what is infant formula? Infant formula is considered to be a manufactured food designed and marketed for feeding babies and infants usually

Thesis on Hiv - 5798 Words

THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND PRACTICE IN THE PREVENTION OF HIV/AIDS AMONG MALE ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS IN SELECTED AREAS IN CAVITE An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the College of Nursing University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino, Bacoor Cavite In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing CHARMAINE ROSE P. CABIGUNDA DIVINE GRACE M. HIFARVA ARIEL F. DELA PENA SHIELD LYN B. MALANO FRANCIS T. MONTEHERMOSO APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled â€Å"The Level of Awareness and Practice in the Prevention of HIV/AIDS among Young Adult in Selected Areas in Cavite†, prepared and submitted by, Charmaine Rose P. Cabigunda, Ariel F. Dela Pena, Divine Grace M. Hifarva, Shield†¦show more content†¦Adolescents do not have easy access to essential facts about HIV. The most-recent national survey among young people on HIV and STI awareness showed 73% thought that they are immune to HIV. Among high-risk 15-17 year olds, only 18-24% was able to answer 5 simple questions on HIV, compared with 31-46% among adults. .Adolescents with high-risk behaviors often finds themselves excluded from HIV services. For example, among 15-17 year old boys with high risk behaviors surveyed, only up to 0.5% had ever been tested for HIV. (DOH NEC HIV AIDS Registry December 2010; 2009 DOH Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance; Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Survey, 2003) These initiatives become relevant in the face of growing threats of HIV/AIDS infection particularly among young people. Worldwide, they are considered one of the more vulnerable segments of the population insofar as HIV/AIDS infection is concerned. The population within the age range 15-24 continues to comprise the major bulk of HIV infections. Based on estimates by the UNAIDS, more than half of new infections belong to this age group (UN, 2002). The vulnerability of young people to sexually transmitted infection is associated with their growing involvement in risk behaviors such as early and unprotected sex, having multiple partners, drug use and alcohol abuse. Recent statistics on adolescent sexuality in the Philippines point to an increasing number of youngShow MoreRelatedCell Biology Thesis On Hiv / Aids2976 Words   |  12 PagesCell Biology Thesis on HIV/Aids Thesis statement: HIV infected cells destroys the bodies’ white blood cells, affecting ones immune system and in turn altering patient’s lifestyle choices and circumstances. My chosen Cell Biology thesis is based entirely on HIV/Aids and the fact that society tends to overlook/disregard the severity of this very serious health issue. HIV/Aids does not allow patients to live a normal life because being diagnosed with the disease is a total life changing experience thatRead MoreOutline Of A Speech On Hiv And Aids1284 Words   |  6 PagesSpeech:____Hemophilia and HIV/AIDs in the modern world__________ I. Introduction: (attention getter and transition to get to thesis) Attention Getter: About 400,000 people are living with hemophilia, a rare blood disorder that causes blood to clot abnormally. Many of these people also develop HIV and AIDS, an immune deficiency. Even more shocking is the 78 million people living with HIV. All of these conditions are lifelong and fatal. Over 40 million people each year die of HIV or hemophilia. What sRead MoreInformative Speech on Rwandan Genocide Outline1300 Words   |  6 PagesBen Johnson Intro to Comm. 1320-04 11/8/12 Rwandan Genocide General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To share with the class that the Rwandan Genocide was a brutal genocide that most people know little about. Thesis: The Rwandan Genocide is one of the lesser known, quickest, and most inhumane genocides this world has ever seen, and it is still affecting the people of Rwanda till this day. Organizational Pattern: Topical Introduction I. Attention Getter:Read MoreEssay on Professional Sports - Injured Athletes and Early Retirement1613 Words   |  7 Pagesfield help you on the road to recovery. It is to your advantage to seek the treatment and rehabilitation for your well being and security. The scientific community is becoming more and more knowledgeable everyday, so please get the help.    The thesis work The Occupational and Personal Adjustment to Retirement by William Lide, B.S., M.Ed. (1981) discusses the retirement decision and reaction to failure. The initial reaction to the retirement decision after being cut and or injured is one of bitternessRead MoreEssay On Mother To-Child Transmission783 Words   |  4 Pagesvirus (HIV) accounts for nearly all new infections in young children around the world1. Although the incidence rate of HIV has declined in most parts of the world over the last 15 years, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2015, more than 1.4 million pregnant women globally lived with HIV.2 Without treatment, an HIV-positive pregnant woman has a 30-35% risk of transmitting the infection to her child3. USAID estimates that 150,000 children in the world became infected with HIV throughRead MoreThe Ethics Of Ethics Approval Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesgenerated data, audio tapes and interview transcripts to my supervisors and me. The anonymity of co-researchers will further be ensured by removing any identifiable details in research findings; subsequent publications; conference presentations and final thesis. Group sessions and interviews will be held at a place that suits the research team after negotiation. Community centres, that are semi-urban community-gathering centres separated from the residential areas, are one possibility. No video recordingRead MoreUptake Use And Effectiveness Of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis In Hivya Essay1024 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermining the uptake, use and effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV negative persons with partners living with HIV. Related to this study was another research conducted by the same researchers but this time they investigated antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention among heterosexual men and women. 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Essay On Social Media - 1286 Words

Shrestha Sangam Shrestha GOVT 2305 Prof. 1 Sherry Sharifian 10/29/2017 Social Media and the USA Presidency Social media is defined as a form electronic communication through which people use to share information, messages, ideas, views, videos. Close Panel Suspected Entry: 70% match Uploaded - government hw2.docx Sherry Sharifian 10/29/2017 Social Media and the USA Presidency Social media is defined as a form electronic communication through which people use to share information, messages, ideas, views, videos Source - Another student s paper: Author: Lahana Maharjan; Submitted: Wed, Oct 25 2017, 11:52 PM; Filename: SLO2.docx James Duran 10/25/2017 SLO 2 Social media and the USA presidency Social media is a form of electronic†¦show more content†¦1 So, the elected leaders for the police department should be given trainings to use the social media properly. According to the National conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) NCSL spokesman Mick Bullock, the elected officials should be careful in this age of instant communication as something we put out right now can be worldwide is a matter if second. Ellen smith, press secretary for the Jacksonville, Florida Sheriff’s Office give advice that â€Å"these tools that can be very powerful from our smartphone and take a breadth of a person.† According to social media marketing firm and teaches crisis communications and social media law runner Gilmore, Glen, the authorized member who run the government or elected leaders account should know and pay attention before posting anything on the social media. 4 Also, Bullock stated that Government agencies and elected leaders needs to be very careful about who is authorized to do the posting. So, trainings should be given to the authorized user to use the social media. Otherwise, their single tweet can harm the elected leader also to their government (The PEW Charitable Trusts). We know that the president of the USA, Donald Trump is active on the social media and giving his administration information to the people. He is the 45th president of the US. By looking his social media, we can see he utilize it to give the information about economy, environment, guns and so on. 1 On October 21,Show MoreRelatedEssay On Social Media971 Words   |  4 PagesIn the World, today social media controls everything. Social media includes blogs, social games, chat apps, and photo sharing apps. â€Å"around 60 percent of the population has at least one social account† (Gordon). The generation of millennials have more than one social media account and are always on their phones checking those sites multiple times a day. 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It’s quite fascinating that in the early 2000’s social media wasn’t even invented; yet statistics show that Facebook has accumulated users surpassing the entire population of the United States. The acceleration of growth and progress in social media just gives us a glimpse of its maximum potential on how it will revolutionize and transform marketing. Before we further discuss the subject of social media, one must first know itsRead MoreEssay On Social Media1711 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion Social media is defined as â€Å"websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking.† (according to Google and oxford dictionary) This means that websites such as Gmail are also social media websites as well the more social media sites like Snapchat or Instagram. 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The solution of this problem is introducing a good social media to company where all employers and staffs will be connected, communication between them will be faster and work completes without delay. Therefore, we will like to recommend you Facebook as best social media for communication for business purpose. Summary and Evaluation Summary: There are various requirements of the business that suggested social media need to follow. The first one is it should send the message to the

Dental assistant free essay sample

I was always undecided regarding the career that I wanted to pursuit. As I got older and looked at many choices in careers I realized that I wanted to have a career in Dental Care. Dental Hygienists is a better career than Dental Assistant because of better pay. While both dental assistants and dental hygienists work under the supervision of dentists, their roles in the dental office vary. A dental assistant has administrative duties and also helps the dentist during patient procedures. Meanwhile, a dental hygienist focuses on clinical work with patients, even performing some tasks without a dentists immediate oversight. A dental hygienist performs tasks that are more advanced and independent; they perform several tasks that were only done by dentists in the past. Their duties are to polish patients teeth, removing hard and soft deposits from teeth and using several tools to remove tartar, plaque and stains. Hygienists may also develop x-ray film. While, Dental hygienists help patients develop and keep good oral health. For example, they may explain the relationship between diet and oral health. They also may give advice to patients on how to select toothbrushes and other oral-care devices. Dental assistants often prepare other materials for use by the dentist, such as x-ray machines, impression materials, anesthetics and cement. Other 8509175 tasks may include office secretarial work such as billing patients, making sure payments are received and ordering dental supplies. According to The (U.S Labor Bureau Statistics) â€Å"Many states require the dental assistant to be licensed, especially if he or she will be working with x-ray machines.â€Å" Dental hygienists wear safety glasses, surgical masks, and gloves to protect themselves and patients from infectious diseases. When taking x rays they follow strict procedures to protect themselves and patients. They may spend long periods of time bending over to work on patients. According to (UMSL) â€Å"Dental assistants work in a well-lighted, clean environment. Their work area usually is near the dental chair so that they can arrange instruments, materials, and medication and hand them to the dentist when needed.† Dental assistants must wear gloves, masks, eyewear, and protective clothing to protect themselves and their patients from infectious diseases. Assistants also follow safety procedures to minimize the risks associated with the use of x-ray machines. High school students interested in a career as a dental assistant should take courses in biology, chemistry, health, and office practices. According to (educationalportal) â€Å"To pursue further education, the Commission on Dental Accreditation within the American Dental Association (ADA) approved 269 dental-assisting training programs in 2006.† These Programs included classrooms, laboratories, and preclinical instruction in dental-assisting skills.. In addition, students gain practical experience in dental schools, clinics, or dental offices. Most programs take 1 year or less to complete and lead to a certificate or 8509175 diploma. Two-year programs offered in community and junior colleges lead to an associate degree. To become a dental hygienist you need to take more courses in science, math and English. (allalliedhealthschool) states that â€Å"Each dental hygienist school has different entry requirements, such as a high school diploma, minimum of age 18, High school courses in math, chemistry, biology and English.† Most programs prefer applicants who have completed at least one year of college. Some bachelors programs require two years of college prior to enrollment in a dental hygiene program as well as completion of courses in chemistry, English, speech, psychology or sociology. (Hygienecareerdirectory) states that â€Å"Employment of dental hygienists is expected to grow much faster than the average for all occupations through 2008, in response to increasing demand for dental care and the greater substitution of hygienists for services previously performed by dentists.† Job prospects are expected to remain very good unless the number of dental hygienist program graduates grows much faster than during the last decade, and results in a much larger pool of qualified applicants. Median hourly earnings of dental assistants were $14.53 in May 2006. The middle 50 percent earned between $11.94 and $17.44 an hour. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $9.87, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $20.69 an hour. Benefits vary substantially by practice setting and may be 8509175 contingent upon full-time employment. According to the  (American Dental Association,) â€Å"87 percent of dentists offer reimbursement for continuing education courses taken by their assistants.† Dental hygiene programs are often found at 2- and 4-year schools, and all U.S. states require the hygienist to graduate from one of these programs to practice dental hygiene. There is a high demand for dental hygienists, and the BLS projected 36% growth in the field between 2008-2018. As of May 2009, median annual earnings of dental hygienists were $67,340, according to the BLS. Hygienists is a more independent career, and it follows the same routine everyday and the money for a dental hygienists is a lot better for the work they do. Dental assistants don’t really have the same freedom as hygienists or make the money they do. They are also the ones in the office who work the latest, have more office responsibilities and have to basically learn how to read the mind of the dentist and be his/her right hand person. This is why Dental Hygienists is a better career than Dental Assistant.

Competitive Advantage Essay Example For Students

Competitive Advantage Essay Corporate StrategySources of competitive advantage rarely yield added value that can be sustained over time.The following essay is going to attempt to assess the above proposition and try to find if it is possible to add value continually over a period of time. I will first discuss what competitive advantage is and what it means to a firm. Then I will explain the sources of competitive advantage and how the distinctive capabilities of a firm allow it to sustain added value. The discussion is based on a number of viewpoints from different authors who will be clearly indicated and acknowledged. I begin with explaining what competitive advantage is. So, what is Competitive Advantage? In a number of industries, the average performance of the industry is usually no better than the average performance of industries as a whole. However particular firms or groups of firms manage to do considerably better than average. In this case, the high performing firm or sub-group has something special and difficult to imitate to offer which allows it to outperform its rivals. Porter (1985) refers to such special assets as the firms competitive advantage. A firms competitive advantage are those characteristics that allow it to do well even in the face of mediocre industry wide performance and free entry into the industry as a whole. The firm has certain capabilities which allow it to be different from the other firms in the industry. It has certain distinctive capabilities which cannot be reproduced by competitors. However, it is not enough for that characteristic to be distinctive. It is also necessary for it to be sustainable over a period of time. As Oster (1994) points out, The key success factors in an industry are those assets that allow a firm to outperform its rivals for a sustained period of time.Competitive advantages are always relative. For example, Sainsburys has a very slight competitive advantage over Tesco. These firms serve similar markets and they see themselves as members of the same industry and strategic group. Tesco has a competitive advantage over Argyll. In a paired comparison one firm will have a relative competitive advantage over another. The resource based theory of the firm indicates, If all firms in a market have the same stock of resources and capabilities, no strategy for value creation is available to one firm that would not also be available to all other firms in the market.The theory is implying that a resource must be scarce in order to sustain profitability in the industry. A firms profitability is a function not only of industry conditions, but also of the amount of value it creates relative to its competitors. The amount value the firm creates in comparison depends on its cost and differentiation positions relative to competitors. No business can exist without creating positive value, and to achieve a competitive advantage it must add more value that its competitors. Added value is the difference between the market value of a firms output and the value which its inputs would have in comparable activities undertaken by other firms. Added value can be achieved if customers or suppliers are willing to undertake relationships which they would not make available to other people.The main sources of competitive advantage are architecture, reputation and innovation. It is the ability of the firm in how it utilizes its distinctive capabilities to add value to its competitive advantage. Architecture is the first primary distinctive capability of competitive advantage. It is a network of relational contracts within , or around, the firm. It is a description of relationships held by a firm internally or externally, or with a group of other firms. Architecture can add value and provides competitive advantage by encouraging the formation of organizational knowledge and the development of organizational routines and cooperative ethics. Some firms such as IBM and Marks ; Spencer have a powerful and identifiable corporate culture. Each of these companies has created a structure, a certain style, a set of routines which operates to get the best out of employees.These routines have continued to produce exceptional results and add value. Kay (1995) points out, Architecture depends on the ability of the firm to build and sustain long term relationshipsit is easier to sustain architecture than to set out to create it. More than the other sources of competitive advantage, the sustainability of architecture rests on the level of skills of senior mangers. The first major step for the managers is to recognize the nature of the firms architecture and the function it plays in the markets the firm serves. Kay argues that there are two main types of distinctive capability based on architecture,. Firstly, the firms architecture may generate a flow of innovations which forms a sustainable advantage. Secondly, the architecture of the firm may allow the firm to successfully adopt new technology sooner and more efficiently than its competitors. Joy luck club2 EssayThe architecture of the firm may generate a flow of innovations which forms a sustainable advantage even if individual innovations are unsuccessful. However, as a result of innovation being costly and difficult to manage, there is a lot of uncertainty surrounding it. Usually, a great deal of research and development goes into producing innovations which have no guarantee of profitability. So, it can be said that transforming innovation into sustainable competitive advantage which yields added value is very difficult to implement and also unlikely. Competitive advantages which are based on architecture can be sustained over long periods of time. If organizational knowledge is refreshed and replenished frequently then added value can be yielded. To continue to add value a cooperative ethic requires regular reinforcements. Some firms have maintained their advantages by adopting their organizational knowledge and redeploying their relational skills in different market sectors. The sustainability of architecture is the responsibility of the management of the firm. Kay (1995) states, Architecture is certainly not created by, and not much sustained by, the proliferation of identity and communication programmes of the last decade as chief executives and their consultants unveil the expensively orchestrated corporate culture. Here, Kay is implying that management must acknowledge the degree to which architecture grows with and from the organization. If this can be identified by firms then they are in a position to yield added value which can be sustained over time. Reputation advantages are usually persistent and sustainable over time. Kay uses the phrase, living on a reputation, to describe the process of sustaining competitive advantage. However, reputation advantages often fade as the market, in which they were established declines. Therefore in order to sustain added value the market needs to stay constant or progress. Strategic assets fall into three broad categories. The first is that some companies have a natural monopoly in the market. The second, is a firm may benefit from some sort of regulation ruled by the government. The third is the cost structure of the industry, with a substantial component of sunk cost which may confer incumbent advantages. A natural monopoly ensures that there is only one firm in a market. A firm with a modest competitive advantage can easily knock out an incumbent firm whose strategic advantage is natural monopoly. So a natural monopoly on its own may find it difficult to sustain added value over a period of time. Almost all natural monopolies are associated with sunk costs. In a market where costs are substantially sunk are readily sustainable. A natural monopoly becomes a far more sustainable competitive advantage if it is combined with a strategic advantage based on sunk cost. From this, added value can be yielded over time.So, we have seen that the distinctive ca pabilities of competitive advantages do and can yield added value to the firm over a period of time but can only be sustained to a certain degree. However, an interesting conception emerges from Kay. He believes that size, market share, market position and market selection are actually the real sources of competitive advantage. These sources differ from the distinctive capabilities (architecture, reputation and innovation), and those factors are the outcome of a firms competitive success and not the source of it. However, he does point out that his definition of the sources of competitive advantage are not sustainable over time because they are all characteristics which, given time and expenditure, can be imitated and replicated by other firms. Therefore, in answering the proposal, sources of competitive advantage rarely yield added value which can be sustained over time, my answer would be that certain sources do rarely yield added value which can be sustained over time but there are also sources which can continuously yield and sustain added value over time which further strengthen the competitive advantage a firm has in the market. Word Count: 1450 words BibliographyCombined Bibliography for essay an related case study. Firm Resources ; Sustained Competitive Advantage, 1991J. BarneyFoundations Of Corporate Success, 1995J. KayModern Competitive Analysis, 1994S.M. OsterCompetitive Advantage, 1985Micheal Porter Other sources:Exploring Corporate Strategy, 1989G. Johnson ; K. Scholes IBM website on the Internet, http:/www.ibm.comNewspaper articles and CD ROMCombined Word Count: 2500 words

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Obsessive

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsiv Essay OCDe DisorderThere are many factors to consider in the evaluation and treatment of Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This paper will discuss the strategies that have proven most effective in treating the disorder, including: drug therapy, cognitive therapy, and family-based therapy. It will focus on the benefits of flexibility, emphasizing combination therapy, especially with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has become an increasingly familiar disorder within the world of health and medicine. The recurring obsessions and compulsions associated with the disorder seem quite easy to identify, yet the acknowledgement of OCD in children had been overlooked for quite some time. Many people believe that children have no reason to develop depression or anxiety disorder such as OCD (Wiznitzer, 2003). Diagnoses and treatment of OCD patients has only recently shifted from adults to children. Some of the most important questions facing psychologists studying OCD today are how to determine which children suffer from OCD and what treatments most effectively reduce or eliminate their symptoms. Researchers have offered that by applying some of the information learned from treating adults, our understanding of the disorder in children may improve immensely. We will write a custom essay on The Diagnosis and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsiv specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now With the majority of psychologists agreeing with this proposal, OCD has gained a large amount of attention in the last couple of decades. Recent studies have estimated that the condition is 2 to 20 times more common than previously thought and has been the catalyst for research activity in the area (Waters, 2000). Though this heightened attention is good news for suffering children, it has not been as helpful as originally expected. A number of unnecessary drug-based therapies have been implemented in an attempt to meet the increasing demand of OCD treatment. Many of these drugs have proved successful in treating anxiety disorders; however, many OCD cases require more complex treatments. Many could benefit from several alternative forms of OCD treatment, such as family oriented treatments and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Unfortunately, the advantages of combining these methods with drug therapy have nearly been overlooked in the scramble for easy answers. Cognitive-behavioral therap y (CBT) has emerged as a safe, viable, and efficient treatment for OCD among children and adolescents (Wagner, 2000). One specific form of CBT that has proven to be quite successful is exposure plus response prevention (ERP). In this method, patients are guided into conscious confrontation with the objects and situations that serve as the triggers of their obsessive fears. Following exposure, patients are taught how to abstain from the obsessive habits that they have constructed to relieve their anxieties. This treatment is quite similar to conditioning in that the response prevention immediately follows the exposure, maximizing the reinforcement effectiveness of the therapy. The idea behind this treatment is that repeated exposure to the anxiety-producing stimulus leads to the patients habituation and progression in overcoming the disorder. Additionally, the realization that obsessive fears do not materialize during ERP appears to reduce the potency of the obsessions (Wagner, 2000) . The second form of CBT that has proven to be successful is the RIDE theory. In this theory, encounters and enactments of OCD symptoms are broken down into four different stages: R, I, D, and E. In the R stage, individuals are taught to recognize OCD thoughts as impractical to the childs normal being. By doing this they could realize their urges and take the necessary steps in dismissing them from their consciousness. Once they have done this they are taught the I stage. In this stage they must insist that they are in fact in control of their behavior. This assertion puts them in the drivers seat where they determine what actions will be taken next. The third stage is the D stage. This is the stage where the actual change of behavior takes place. Children learn to defy OCD, resisting their urges by doing the exact opposite of what they feel. The fourth and final stage of the RIDE theory is the E stage. When the child has learned to successfully complete the first three stages, they ar e taught to enjoy and celebrate their success. By recognizing, insisting, and defying their unusual urges, children have learned to overcome OCD and should be able to appreciate their hard-deserved success. .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce , .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce .postImageUrl , .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce , .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce:hover , .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce:visited , .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce:active { border:0!important; } .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce:active , .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua53365449fd915c4dc98d1a41ebc6fce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Explosion EssayThough both the ERP and RIDE methods have proven successful, their effectiveness is both limited and varying. The unfortunate truth is that many children do not benefit from these strategies and many others diagnosed with OCD do not receive CBT at all. A variety of reasons have been offered in explanation to this, the most common being simply that there are not a sufficient amount of clinicians who are trained in managing the challenges expected in this type of treatment. The second is that the disorder itself can be difficult to detect and diagnose in the first place. Many children reason that they either have to or are uncertain why they perform some o f their actions, which has lead others to believe that the obsessive behavior is willful. Although this does pull treatment potential back, it is important to take full advantage of the resources available right now. Among these available resources is the role of the family in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. A large percent (67%) of adults suffering from OCD have reported signs of symptoms extending well into childhood memories. One groups of researchers state that OCD is a common childhood onset psychiatric condition (Steinberger, 2002). This information hints that the family may play a critical role in the development and treatment of OCD, both genetically and cognitively. Research on the subject has yielded inconsistent results, but on average, 20% of parents of children with OCD are also diagnosed with the disorder. Cognitively, psychosocial factors have also been acknowledged as important. Although the exact factors are still being investigated, many have already been found. These factors range widely in their influence including high expressed emotion, overprotection, lack of warmth, avoidance, caution, and fearfulness. Each factor is relative self explanatory, though the direct correlation of each with the disorder differs slightly. While in some instances the cause for each factor can be negative, most cases are related in an indirect from. The most common are a result from a feeling of helplessness, generally resulting from a failure to successfully support the family member with OCD in previous situations, or some sort of confusion in actions that were originally made with good intention. For example, a common misconception of people is to accommodate the OCD behavior when in fact, it is widely recognized that accommodation of the OCD behavior through assistance with rituals, giving reassurance, and facilitating avoidance of feared stimuli serves to reinforce and maintain the symptoms (Waters, 2000). There are many different strategies to consider when treating OCD. It is important to realize that OCD varies in type and severity, so treatment will vary in their effectiveness. Whatever is tried, it is important to urge flexibility, as a combination of drug and behavioral treatment may be needed (Rapoport, 2000). Recent studies such as the ERP and RIDE approve and recommend CBT in treating OCD. They also emphasize the importance of flexibility in successfully treating the disorder. Many cases may benefit best from a combination of drug and behavioral treatment. BibliographyRapoport, J., ; Inoff-Germain, G. (2000). Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology ; Psychiatry, 41(4), 419-431. Steinberger, K. (2002). Classification of OCD in children and adolescence. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavic, 106(2), 97-102. Wagner, A. (2003). CBT for Children and adolescents with OCD. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention. 3(3). 291-306. Waters, T., ; Barret, P. (2000). The role of the family in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clinical Child ; Family Psychology Review, 3(3), 173-184. Wiznitzer, M. (2003). Why do psychiatric drug research in children? Lancet, 361(9364). 1147-1148.

Asian American Decolonial Feminism Essay Sample

Asian American Decolonial Feminism Essay SampleThis is an Asian American colonial feminism essay sample. It will give you some basic information on the term, colonial. The essay will describe what it means to be a colonial individual and share examples of people who are colonial or aspire to be one.First, the definition of colonial. Decolonial, a point in history, means the direction in which a culture seeks to free itself from the colonial or pseudo-colonial forces that have been ruling it for centuries. The result is to create a self-governing nation. In today's world, some cultures are governed by a neo-colonial establishment, which is modern, separate, and without a past. People who are colonial desire to be free from these controls.This Asian American colonial feminism essay sample will provide you with this information. To complete this essay, you will need to add the following examples to your essay. Each of these examples is relevant to the main idea of colonial philosophy an d politics.Slavery in the United States. One example of slavery is the Jim Crow segregation of the races in the South. This kind of slavery is generally considered to be a form of pseudo-colonialism, because it is based on the existence of multiple identities. It is based on the knowledge that when people belong to different cultures, they do not mix, so there is a tendency for segregation to occur.In the United States, women are denied the right to vote, are discriminated against in the workplace, are forced into sexual roles, and are forced into sex-segregated spaces. While this form of pseudo-colonialism was used to control these cultures, they were always controlled through force. What happens to a society when the strength of the culture is based on power relations and not on solidarity? What happens when a group is not allowed to choose its own direction?When a group, such as women in the U.S., makes a choice to fight for equality, is it justifiable? In a period of globalizati on, the strength of Asian culture has made its diversity. Asian women cannot be separated from African women, nor can Asian men be separated from Hispanic men.Colonialism has not been confined to patriarchal oriental societies but is present in most cultures that have existed throughout time. It has also occurred when cultural institutions have existed. The colonial revolution is the fight for the realisation of the true culture of a people, instead of the false, outdated one that it has been reduced to.So, that is the first part of the Asian American colonial feminism essay sample. The second part of the essay is to add in your own examples of colonial individuals. You can use the examples of men and women in the US, South Africa, Ghana, etc. to show the relevance of colonial theory in today's society.

Free Essays on My Opinion About Frank OConnors “My Oedipus Complex“

My responses to Frank O’Connor’s â€Å"My Oedipus Complex† In Frank O’Connor’s short story â€Å"My Oedipus Complex†, we get a chance to explore the world of a little boy. In this story, Larry, a five-year-old boy obsessed with his mother suddenly sees a drastic change in his life when his father returns home from war. With abundant humour and considerable pragmatism, O’Connor depicts in this story the ‘Oedipus stage’ of a boy’s life alluding continuously and wittily to Freudian psychoanalysis. The focus of the story is the relationship between Larry and his father. It is witty and ingenious in the way it depicts the oedipal phase. The conflict arises when his father comes back from the war. Larry views his father as a stranger who suddenly steals his mother’s love and attention away from him. Larry is a very possessive, self-cantered and selfish boy. He despises the fact that his mother is paying more attention to his father. He becomes extremely jealous of his father and starts competing with him as only a five year old would know how. This creates a very hilarious situation and the readers are constantly amused by the absurdity of his actions. He is typically babyish and childish in his behaviour towards his father, mother and his brother Sonny. However, at the end, he finally comes to terms with his father and Larry moves from rivalry with his father over possession of his mothers love to reconciliation with him. The denouement or the unravelling of the plot of t he story is prompt but very plausible. The story is written by the older man who looks back and tells the story from the little boy’s point of view. The older narrator knows what the boy does not know. This gap creates an irony throughout the story. Larry thinks that he is in the right, never realising that he is the selfish one. The author is brilliant in recreating the boy’s world. He explores the mind of the young boy and gives a vivid portra... Free Essays on My Opinion About Frank O'Connors â€Å"My Oedipus Complexâ€Å" Free Essays on My Opinion About Frank O'Connors â€Å"My Oedipus Complexâ€Å" My responses to Frank O’Connor’s â€Å"My Oedipus Complex† In Frank O’Connor’s short story â€Å"My Oedipus Complex†, we get a chance to explore the world of a little boy. In this story, Larry, a five-year-old boy obsessed with his mother suddenly sees a drastic change in his life when his father returns home from war. With abundant humour and considerable pragmatism, O’Connor depicts in this story the ‘Oedipus stage’ of a boy’s life alluding continuously and wittily to Freudian psychoanalysis. The focus of the story is the relationship between Larry and his father. It is witty and ingenious in the way it depicts the oedipal phase. The conflict arises when his father comes back from the war. Larry views his father as a stranger who suddenly steals his mother’s love and attention away from him. Larry is a very possessive, self-cantered and selfish boy. He despises the fact that his mother is paying more attention to his father. He becomes extremely jealous of his father and starts competing with him as only a five year old would know how. This creates a very hilarious situation and the readers are constantly amused by the absurdity of his actions. He is typically babyish and childish in his behaviour towards his father, mother and his brother Sonny. However, at the end, he finally comes to terms with his father and Larry moves from rivalry with his father over possession of his mothers love to reconciliation with him. The denouement or the unravelling of the plot of t he story is prompt but very plausible. The story is written by the older man who looks back and tells the story from the little boy’s point of view. The older narrator knows what the boy does not know. This gap creates an irony throughout the story. Larry thinks that he is in the right, never realising that he is the selfish one. The author is brilliant in recreating the boy’s world. He explores the mind of the young boy and gives a vivid portra...

Fast Spread of Vulgarity through the Internet into the Innocent Minds Assignment

Fast Spread of Vulgarity through the Internet into the Innocent Minds of the Adolescents - Assignment Example The people obtain a study guide, health and fitness tips, devise, share and revise business plans, and minutely observe the changes taking place within their social and natural environment. Hence, from getting information related to personal, domestic, corporate and amusement activities to chatting with the distant friends, and from reading articles of one’s own choice and interest to watching the latest models of automobiles, cell-phones, clothes and furniture are sought out from the internet. Moreover, the scholars, researchers, writers, poets, scientists, architects, lawyers, and intellectuals also have obtained the opportunity of getting and sending material related to their profession and interest by using the same platform. Thus, the internet has got the status of an inevitable product that fascinates and satisfies the individuals belonging to every age group, socioeconomic status, gender, ethnic-racial group and profession. Somehow, instead of taking positive and constr uctive benefit out of this great invention, the nefarious people have included and inserted pornography and filthy material challenging the very moral values, ethics and decency have been followed and observed by humanity for centuries; almost the same is the case with a mobile phone. Though the cell phone was simply invented to send and receive important information of very urgent matter, yet the people have started misusing it by spreading startling news and appalling issues, which should have no concern with the mobile phone. It is the need of the hour to take immediate steps to combat with the very threat in order to eradicate the fast spread of pornography. The authorities should apply blockages to all the sites that contain the words and addresses related to sex and nudity. There must be a ban on the development of the sites that are damaging the moral and ethical values of our society. Though pornography through the internet certainly affects all strata of society, yet it is the most fatal thing particularly for the adolescents, which are the future builders of our society and nation. The authorities should impose banishments on the recording and developing of nude movies so that the young generation could be protected from the mental and physical bankruptcy. The internet and communications regulatory authorities should take urgent steps to prohibit the selling of pornographic material, including video films, CDs, cassettes, books and periodicals, watching of which is swiftly and constantly making the youth the addict of sexual activities, deviant behavior and perversion. The age of puberty and majority for purchasing tobacco, wine, liquor, sex enhancing pills and condoms as well as for joining and attending the clubs should be declared to be 21 years, instead of 18 years, so that sexual excesses and perversions could be mitigated to a great extent. The reports reveal that the grandfathers, uncles, neighbors and stepfathers are involved into forced sex and rape with the minor girls and even boys, which not only are destroying the very fabrics of family and blood relations but are also inviting the complete ruination of the young generation. The law enforcing agencies must announce severe punishments and sentences to the culprits too to save the innocent children from going astray as well as from becoming the victim of rape and incest.

Review 5_2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Review 5_2 - Essay Example Semi-automated handling systems involves the utilization of typical equipment such as automated guided vehicles, computerizes sortation, robotics, and live tracks. Semi-automated systems are often used to supplement the mechanized handling systems. The general working principle of the system is that it contains a mechanical system, whose operations are automated by either programming or applying other formats (Codourey, Zesch, Buchi & Siegwart, 1995). Automated handling systems are integrated system involving such activities as handling, and controlling of materials by use of fully computerized equipment, in which, their entire operation is fully dependent on the computer instructions directed to them. The system includes digital conveyors; Automated guided vehicle and automated storage and retrieval systems. In these systems, computers direct automatic loaders to pick and place items where they are required. Automatic guided vehicles are driverless vehicles, in which their control unit is connected to a computer interface to manage their function. Automated material handling systems improve efficiency of transportation, storage and retrieval of materials (Viswanadham & Narahari, 1992). Information directed systems combines the control typical of automated handling with the flexibility of mechanized systems. Informational directed systems use mechanized processing controlled by information technology. The most common examples of information directed systems are the RF controlled equipment and the light detected operations. Consumer packaging is a package that is customarily produced or distributed for sale through retail sales agencies for consumption or use by individuals for the purposes of personal care. Industrial packaging is particularly a package intended solely for industrial or institutional use or wholesale distribution (Chandra & Kamrani, 2003). Consumer packaging is an essential in the contemporary society.

The Journals of Susanna Moodie Essay Example for Free

The Journals of Susanna Moodie Essay One of the finest collections of poetry known is The Journals of Susanna Moodie, reiterating several poems contoured to environmental factors. Most of the poems are interconnected and weaves a cumulative effect on the reader. Of course, the cohesiveness comes from one persona, which is Susanna Moodie. Significantly, this book utters a woman’s growth and development into another land where light, darkness, trees, and fire form an important story in Moodie’s life. For instance is Moodie’s transformation in a foreign land, translated by light protruding into darkness. Sensibility on Moodie’s part will enhance the captivity of making such values on the environmental influences during and after her migration (Bilan, 2007). In this book, Atwood emphasizes the lack of connection a person has with a specific land. The â€Å"light† specified in the character of Moodie derives an inner margin between the land and the protagonist. The first of the three journals conveys the initialized entrance of Moodie unto a foreign space. It is described that Moodie sees herself as a light shedding to rocks. It seems that she already knew herself as a foreign character. Seen in this book, is the addressed change through acceptance and eventual exploration of greater self. Susanna Moodie is the protagonist, where she lives in the period of the 19th century, as an English immigrant to Upper Canada. This book is composed of eighteen poems under three journals. The first journal entails Moodie’s journey across the Atlantic and up the St. Lawrence where her departure becomes a difficult undertaking. Her migration has caused several deaths among her children. Following this event is her husband’s work as sheriff in Belleville. In the second journal, Mrs. Moodie experiences the haunting of the difficulties she had known in her past, which eventually links to what she has become in the third journal, a haunting ghost (Hammill, 2003). The Planters This poem sees how their adaptation comes in the unknown land. In the first stanza saying, â€Å"They move between the jagged edge Of the forest and the jagged river On a stumpy patch of cleared land. † (Atwood 16) Clearly, the stanza reiterates the difficulty of migration. Somehow, there is a description of their origin, â€Å"jagged† meaning diverse or interchanging life. On the next verse, ‘stumpy patch of cleared land,’ the characterization of the foreign land looked civilized to her or quiet. This description may also mean silence, where there is no one to cling to because of adapting to a new culture. The next stanza focuses on her husband’s and other neighbor’s status on their quest. Identified by describing how they foster their imminent work in the fields, she describes their hard adjustment through exploration uttering, â€Å"my husband, a neighbor, and another man Weeding the few rows Of string beans and dusty potatoes They bend, straighten; the sun Lights up their faces and hands, candles Flickering in the wind against the† (Atwood 16) It seems as though their work is very hard. Mrs. Moodie knows that their migration costs a lot than it should and the primary factor beaming is their culture. She also sees that their experience is similar to what other persons like them endure. The sun emphasized are the superiors, she sees her husband and the other who work as only candles, â€Å"flickering† or unsure of what they are doing. In addition, the instability portrayed may come from the sense of viewing their upholding traditions or what they are used to. Connected to this proposition is still the diffidence they feel on a foreign land. As said in the following, â€Å"unbright earth. I see them; I know None of them believe they are here. They deny the ground they stand on. † (Atwood 16) Their uncertainty dictates their actions. Moodie knows the unpleasant fact of their migration. Hence, the acceptance should be obscure rather than clarified. In a sense, the viewed party is undermined not by the consequences but of experiences they reach. She accepts yet another hurtful fact of their stay in that cleared land, as she utters of their future troubled but coping, to the unknown world. â€Å"pretend the dirt is future. And they are right. If they let go Of that illusion solid to them as a shovel,† (Atwood 17) Uttering these words would mean of the unpleasant pursuit dictated by their present status. Dirt would mean the strange, unacceptable, and unworthy but still, they have to and need to approve of it as part of their lives. She accepts it, spoiled and impaired. She acknowledges that if they try to accept that fact, stated as â€Å"solid to them as a shovel,† they are doomed. Finally, she identifies of the unknown world vehemently depraved of freedom, stating, â€Å"open their eyes for a moment To these trees, to this particular sun They would be surrounded, stormed, and broken In upon by branches, roots, tendrils, the dark side of light As I am. † (Atwood 17). Mrs. Moodies know of her position. She knows that similarly, other people superior to them determine her fate. Her understanding of that freedom, when persevered to the highest will result to a much bigger problem. She describes it by trees, its members, that they are the darker side of light. Generally, Mrs. Moodie experiences alienation from the verge of Victorian era. Her perception is more complex than any other is, more than her husband and those having similar fate. The separation of dark and light begins to break down unto her senses. Paths and Thingscape Explained in this entry is the attempt of Mrs. Moodie to take course of assimilation, though she is unsure of what she is doing. She wants this to happen, as she ventures into a new world. In these words, she starts to wander of other person’s embrace of the new world, asserting, â€Å"Those who went ahead Of us in the forest Bent the early trees So that they grew the signals: The trail was not among the trees but the trees† (Atwood 20) Again, she sees superiority over those who went ahead of her. She becomes the observer of the future unfolds of to the people comparable to her status. However, she dreams of awakening herself and accepting what these trees offer. She expresses what others dream of, extolling of the detriments, â€Å"and there are some, who have dreams Of birds flying into shapes Of letters; the sky’s codes; And dream also The significance of numbers (count petals of certain flowers). (20) The endowment of certain plans to make their future pleasant upholds her wishes of a better future. It supports her adaptation to the new land. Even though it proclaims of an uncertain trail held by people superior to them, still, she manifests of her justifications as correct. Guided by uncertainty and mere courage she advances into a more treacherous state of adjusting, she exalts of her undertakings, â€Å"In the morning I advance Through the doorway: the sun On the bark, the inter- twisted branches, here a blue movement in the leaves, dispersed Calls/no trails; rocks And grey tufts of moss† (Atwood 20) Her endeavor of finally settling to new pastures becomes wide and unsurpassed. She feels more comfortable of telling her spiritual bereavement over many things. More importantly, she endures of freedom like any body else and cannot commit herself to dependence. However, she feels insecurity of what is hiding unto the depths of the new world. She picks up the obligatory impression parallel with the others who dreamt of liberation. She exclaims of her concerns, â€Å"The petals of the fire- Weed fall where they fall I am watched like an invader Who knows hostility but not where The day shrinks back from me† (Atwood 21) Her definition inclines a surety of purposeful downfall after an undertaking. She exceeds advancement but treats it as a threat and not a triumph. Her overwhelmed quest modifies the true picture of the superiority over her and excludes courageous acts. However, this comprehensive characterization of Mrs. Moodie’s opinions may be false, as some elements may prove supportive of what she plans or does. The transformation possible ends in a negative opinion rather than a separate entity. What she does not conceptualize is the harmonious feeling of the subjective entities around her. Even though this is partially correct, she gratifies each vision as complete though it is not.

The Role of Queen Guinevere in King Arthur and His Knights Essay

She is the most perdurable female figure in King Arthur and his Knights. Without her the suspense and the plot flow could not have been achieved. Her influence has enabled her to penetrate into men’s world a trait that distinguishes her from the rest of the women. Knights are referred to as the queen’s knights. We could say the same of the ladies who accompany the queen and keep the knights in good company (pg.52) .Queen Guinevere, as the King’s wife, is acknowledged by males. But despite her access to the Round Table, she has no legitimate power. She is a woman figure who can be discarded as desired. Her presence in the male dominated arena is a source of discord among them. She is resented as a threat to the bonds of men, an eventuality which will lead to the end of the Round Table. She is represented as a danger to the misogynist circle. Malory gives Guinevere a maternal character, whose love is expected to be impartial to her children, and in this case to her knights. By being the king’s wife, Queen Guinevere acquires a political and a symbolic duty in the kingdom, but this status does not exempt her from male’s contempt towards the female gender. All her attempts to improve her status are watered down by male rivalry. Queen Guinevere does not find pleasure in the male company. Love, the only benefit she could reap from men is given no room. Guinevere’s preference for Sir Lancelot creates animosity amongst the Knights of the Round Table. Her illegitimate affair is resented by Sir Modred as betrayal. The latter’s concealed jealousy towards Sir Lancelot turns into an open demonstration of loyalty to the King Arthur and eventually to unprecedented war. Queen Guinevere is a source of trouble among the Knights of the Round Tab... ... the male gender, for it is the only language men decipher with ease. Love, a probable ground on which men and women can converge is divisive and destructive to all those who turn to it in their efforts to bridge the gender gap. The capacity to conceive and give birth adds value to the women in Malory. Lady Igraine’s significance is only mentioned in relation to King Arthur’s birth. Through Galahad, Elaine’s importance is underlined, but all the glory goes to Lancelot and Galahad himself. Queen Guinevere is childless and this could be the reason why she is not appealing to King Arthur. The latter focuses his attention on Sir Gawain and Sir Lancelot as his possible heirs. Sir Thomas Malory’s female characters are centered on male ideals and traits. Women can only be considered in relation to heroic male actions, roles which they complement or defy.

Focus on Siemens AG Company

There is a state of ambivalence over bribery in organizations. Some people regard bribery as a type of pecuniary corruption since it involves the transfer of money or any form of gift aimed at altering the behaviour of the recipient (Dowling 2008). In deed the Black’s law Dictionary defines bribery as a form of crime that involves giving, offering, soliciting for or receiving any item that has value in order to manipulate the actions of a person or official performing a certain duty (Dowling 2008).In this case, what makes bribery bad is the fact that the person receiving the bribe may act in a manner that would be detrimental to other operations in an organizations or related organizations. Such operations may include substandard services in which the bribery is used to protect the parties involved (Dowling 2008). On the other hand, some people view bribery as an act that is part of development ambitions in organizations. For instance, Lemieux (2005) argues that many countries whose underground economies have grown could not be where they are today were it not for bribery.And this seems to be the secret behind many organizations such as Siemens AG, which have to deal with authorities in terms of taxation and other legal requirements. Along this line, Lemieux (2005) opines that it is often not possible, or it is very costly, for a company or an individual to escape the restrictions and other prohibitions that are prerequisites to operation of business. Lemieux (2005) also notes that bribery in organizations is a phenomenon that cannot be easily gotten rid of because it is perfectly impossible to enforce the measures required to maintain a bribery-free business environment.Instead, the stricter measures to stop bribery in many organizations only serve to amplify the phenomenon (Lemieux 2005). Cash bribes are often used as donations to many political parties, and non-cash bribes may also be used to seek support in certain business ventures. Thus, according to Lemieux (2005), there is a common dictum among organizations: bribe them (the authorities) if you want to do peaceful business. Siemens AG was a company of high repute as the largest engineering firm in Europe, but its image was clouded when it ventured into bribery in order to expand its operations (OECD 2005).As discussed in this paper, Siemens AG was involved in massive bribery deals both locally and internationally in a bid to maintain a good image of the corporation as a global leader in engineering (Economist. com). But as further discussed, bribery is not only expensive but also a phenomenon that can tarnish the name of a company given the fines that Siemens AG had to pay and the numerous apologies it had to make ( Economist. com). The company also had to suspend many of its staff who were allegedly involve in the bribery claims, thus slowing down its vigour in the market (Economist.com). This makes bribery a topic that is amenable to further discussion as to whether it is a mechanism to advance the operations of a business or it is a vice that should be abhorred by organizations if they want to be successful. The Siemens AG Bribery Scandals Siemens AG’s slogan â€Å"Be Inspired† of the mid-1990s was perhaps of the most inspiring slogans to have been used by leading organizations in the world (Economist. com). However, the inspiration later turned out to involve murky deals aimed at promoting the company globally.So did the managers of the company lack the inspiration to build the company or they were just inspired to build it using alternative means? Siemens AG’s managers were involved in mischievous ways of funnelling huge sums of money to corrupt leaders of many authorities and politician the world over (OECD 2005). The methods used in the bribery cases were just astounding. According to Economist. com, the company bribed its subjects with a lot of trust and candour that no one could figure out the vice in many business transa ctions.To facilitate the bribery operations, the company set up three â€Å"cash desks† in its offices from which the bribery operations were performed (OECD 2005). Company employees would bring empty suitcases to the desks, which would be filled with cash in a manner that could raise no suspicion. As a result of such deals, as much as â‚ ¬1 million or $1. 4 million was withdrawn at different times to facilitate securing of contracts for Siemens AG’s telecoms equipment division (OECD 2005).The cash desks for bribery deals operated on honour mechanisms and not many questions were asked about the operations, nor was proof documentation required (Economist. com). In addition, managers who made application for money from the company were allowed to approve their requests without following due procedures (Economist. com). In fact, by the year 1999 Siemens AG was openly claiming tax deductions to cater for bribes, and the dealings were recorded in accounts books as useful expenditure (Economist. com).In the context of the bribery deals, it is worthwhile to note that Siemens AG considered bribery as a business venture aimed at widening its scope of operations. As a matter of fact, Siemens AG spent about $67 million in â€Å"suitcases† between 2001 and 2004 (OECD 2005). Nevertheless, according to OECD (2005), the people involved in the bribery transactions felt confident about what they were doing and knew that there was nothing wrong. The point here is that bribery was considered as a normal activity that required no questioning.The seemingly conducive culture of bribery continued with illicit payments even after Germany had banned bribing of foreign officials in the year 1999 (Balzli, Deckstein & Schmitt 2007). Thus, when Siemens AG listed its shares on United States’ New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 2001 and it was subjected to stringent American anti-bribery measures, the managers desisted from counting cash in office (Balzli, Decks tein & Schmitt 2007). Instead, they turned to the use of cash cheques to perform the same operations.The cheques were deposited in various accounts but the company did not keep records in its own books so that it could make more nefarious payments (Balzli, Deckstein & Schmitt 2007). In order to disguise the underhand operations, Siemens AG managers outsourced most of its accounts works to â€Å"business consultants† so that no it would not be culpable in any secret operation would be unearthed (Economist. com). In bid to cover their operations further, the managers of the company used more eccentric mean to avoid being found (Balzli, Deckstein & Schmitt 2007).When they authorised the bribery payments, they used removable sticky notes, which would be easily destroyed to conceal all evidence of any transaction (Fernando & Bellamkonda 2007). The sums of money transferred by the managers of Siemens AG were staggering. According to Balzli, Deckstein and Schmitt (2007), a total of $805 million was handed over by the company to foreign officials in bribes. The money handed out was aimed at ensuring that Siemens won as many contracts as it could in many foreign markets (Economist. com).In other instances, the bribes were meant to woo labour representatives in supervisory areas to support Siemens AG policies when they would obviously need to rejected (Fernando & Bellamkonda 2007). Along this line, Fernando and Bellamkonda (2007) note that the German government’s stance on bribery was perhaps a contributing factor in Siemens AG’s underhand operations. This is because many companies understood that the German law and even the law in many other OECD countries permitted bribery and even offered subsidies to companies in order to enhance their operations in spite of the huge sums of money given out in form of bribes.Implications of the bribery cases When the Siemens AG bribe scandals were unearthed between 2006 and 2007, it was dubbed the â€Å"$2 bill ion bribes-for-business scandal† (Bushan 2008). When the details of scandal spilled out, German authorities raised siemens AG’ s offices in Germany an further investigations were initiated in countries such as the United States, Italy, Greece, and Switzerland where the company hand major investments (Bushan 2008). What followed were court suits, apologies, and a general decline in the company’s performance.The first reaction by the company managers was a fallout in which the CEO, Heinrich von Pierer and head of the company’s supervisory board, known as Klaus Kleinfeld, resigned in spite of the fact that they were not directly implicated (Bushan 2008). On December 15 2008, Siemens AG agreed with its host country Germany and the United States to pay them $1. 34 billion in response to bribe charges (Dowling et al 2008). This ended a two-year inquiry that had been made by the German Government to Siemens AG officials all over the world.In the agreement, Siemen s AG paid â‚ ¬395 million to settle to the German Government’s inquiry expenses and a further $800 million as the charges raised by the United States Security Exchange Commission (Dowling et al 2008). In addition, Siemens AG pleaded guilty to flouting the United States anti-bribery laws, which resulted into a penalty of a further $1. 36 billion (Dowling et al 2008). In an attempt to recover the massive losses, Siemens AG sued eleven of its former board executives led by Heinrich von Pierer and Klaus Kleinfeld (Dowling et al 2008).The new management of Siemens said that the action was meant to seek compensation from the former managers for damages that the company incurred as a result of their wanton actions (Dowling et al 2008). Some of the damages that were inflicted on Siemens and which the company would take time to recover from included a fall in the company’s share price by 23 cent to â‚ ¬47. 15 on the Frankfurt stock market. In addition, Siemens’s st ock in the market plummeted by 56 per cent in 2008 (Dowling et al 2008). What the Bribery Scandal in Siemens AG means about Bribery in OrganizationsGiven that the law in Germany and other OECD countries was somehow supportive of bribery, the efforts by the German Government to investigate the bribery claims can be considered to have been aimed at dignifying international laws on trade and laws against bribery (Dowling et al 2008). This is particularly true since other countries such as the United States, Greece, Italy and Switzerland were involved. According to Lemieux (2005), countries usually support corporations that have significant influence on the magnitude of their gross national product, as was the case of Siemens in Germany.Here, the fact that the German government provided subsidies to Siemens AG to facilitate its bribery payments cannot be gainsaid and is a clear pointer that even the though the government reacted, its officials had been well aware of the underhand operat ions. The Siemens AG bribery case also points out the weaknesses in governments when it comes to dealing with giant corporations. It is particularly worthy noting that Europe is still miles behind the United States when dealing with corruption cases particularly bribery (Georgiev 2008).According to a further analysis in Economist. com, Siemens invited group of lawyers from a United States firm called Debevoise & Plimpton to represent it with the hope that doing so would make it win sympathisers and have its name cleared from the bribery scandal. Nevertheless, this move made things even worse as the lawyers carried out a private investigation that cost the company a further â‚ ¬204 million. Thus, according to Economist. com, an investigation by German investigators would not have unravelled as much.Although Siemens AG paid many fines, the amount of money cannot equal the damage it did to markets both locally and at the international level. Considering the fact that Siemens AG was used to paying bribes, the fines were just meant to polish the name of the company. Nevertheless, other companies lost several contracts due to Siemens AG’s bribery (Balzli, Deckstein & Schmitt 2007). This perhaps is the worst effect of the bribery claims as companies that seemingly would have been more competent than Siemens AG were denied the chance to compete for tenders due to the bribe mask.This shows how unpopular companies are treated unfairly at the expense of pleasing giant companies, which have the ability to finance illegal operations. Siemens AG was able to influence market policies through bribery and this therefore leaves a question of whether the giant organizations of the world actually reach the top through excellent performance or through underhand deals as portrayed by firm. According to Economist. com, the confession by Siemens AG of involvement in bribery was triggered not by the fact that bribery is a vice in the organizational environment.Rather, it was due to the realization that the company was bound to lose a major market in the United States- which was firmly against the deals, as well as other markets in Greece, Italy, and Switzerland. A question that arises therefore is what would have happened had the bribery scandal not been raised in the public limelight. Would Siemens AG have been praised as a company that has roots all over the world and experiencing rapid growth to necessitate government subsidies, or would it have been criticised to have grown based on underhand operations?Probably the answer lies in viewing bribery a vice and not an incentive within organizations, and realizing that fair competition should not involve bribery. Conclusion Bribery in organizations is viewed with different standpoints depending on the effect it has on the respective organizations. For large organizations such as Siemens AG, bribery is seen as a mechanism to augment expansion since restrictions such as laws are avoided. Nevertheless, the adverse effects of bribery include massive fines against the organizations involved and a significant corporate damage as was realized in the case of Siemens AG. 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